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It has a simple and flat circular shape. The washer has a central hole, which is designed to fit around the shank of a bolt or a threaded rod. The outer diameter and the diameter of the central hole are precisely manufactured according to the specific requirements of the rail fastening system.
The thickness of the flat washer is relatively small but sufficient to perform its intended functions.
Material Characteristics
Typically made from metals such as steel. Steel flat washers offer high strength and durability, enabling them to withstand the mechanical stresses and forces in a railway environment.
Stainless steel is also a common choice as it provides excellent corrosion resistance. This is crucial for railway applications where the fasteners are exposed to various weather conditions and environmental factors.
In some cases, other materials like brass or special alloys may be used for specific properties or design requirements.
Functions within the Rail System
Load Distribution: One of the main functions is to evenly distribute the load. When a bolt is tightened, the pressure exerted by the bolt head or the nut is spread over a larger area through the flat washer. This helps to prevent damage to the rail, the sleeper, or other components by reducing the stress concentration at the contact point.
Protection of Surfaces: The flat washer acts as a protective barrier between the bolt or nut and the surface of the rail or other components. It helps to prevent abrasion and damage to the surfaces during installation and tightening of the fasteners.
Gap Filling: In some cases, it can be used to fill small gaps or irregularities between the bolt head or nut and the surface. This ensures a more secure and stable connection by compensating for any manufacturing or installation tolerances.
