Shape and Structure
- It has a flat and usually uniform thickness. The overall shape is often in the form of a regular geometric figure, such as a square or a rectangle. There is a central hole that allows it to be placed onto a bolt or a threaded rod.
- The edges are typically smooth and well – defined, giving it a clean and simple appearance.
Material Characteristics
- Commonly made of metals like steel. Steel provides the necessary strength and durability to withstand the forces and stresses within the railway fastening system.
- It may also be made of stainless steel for enhanced corrosion resistance, especially in environments where moisture or other corrosive agents are present.
- In some cases, other alloys might be used to achieve specific mechanical properties or to meet particular design requirements.
Functions within the Rail System
- Load Distribution: One of the key functions is to evenly distribute the load. When a bolt is tightened, the pressure is spread out over the surface area of the flat washer block, rather than being concentrated at a single point. This helps to prevent damage to the rail or the underlying structure, such as indentation or deformation.
- Spacing and Alignment: It can be used to maintain a proper distance or gap between different components. This is important for ensuring correct alignment and fit within the rail fastening assembly.
- Stability Enhancement: By providing a flat and stable surface, it contributes to the overall stability of the fastened connection. This helps to prevent loosening or shifting of the rail fasteners due to vibrations or dynamic forces.
